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An impressive barrier inspires a flight to freedom.

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They're petrified. They think they're gonna die.

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A haunting beach with a sinister tale of espionage.

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They were threatening American national security.

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And a four-legged friend that healed a legend.

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There was only one friend who could bring him back from the break of illness and despair.

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Sometimes the greatest secrets lie in plain sight.

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These are the mysteries of the monument.

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Berlin, Germany.

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This once industrial city has become a mecca for entertainment and culture.

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It boasts more than 50 theaters and 175 museums.

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But beyond the walls of these esteemed institutions lies what may be the capital's most intriguing exhibition.

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It's between 10 and 12 feet high and it's about a half mile long.

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And it has paintings by 118 artists from 21 different countries.

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And it's considered an international monument to freedom.

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A symbol of liberation born out of oppression.

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This is the East Side Gallery.

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It is the longest surviving stretch of the Berlin Wall.

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And according to journalist Stephanie Jackenthal,

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this barrier gave rise to one of history's most daring escapes.

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This is the story of two families who risk everything for a flight to freedom.

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1978.

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The Cold War has left Germany a divided nation.

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The West is a free democratic society.

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But East Germany, which is under Soviet rule, is an oppressive communist state.

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Most citizens living in the East are forbidden to cross into the West.

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The East Germans were pretty much stuck behind the iron wall of communism.

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But 20 miles east of the border in the town of Posnick.

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Two friends fantasize about escaping with their families.

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37-year-old electrician Peter Strelzik and 24-year-old handyman Gunter Wetzel.

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Peter and Gunter dreamed of a life of freedom, where they could read what they want, say what they want, think what they want.

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But it seems such talk is wishful thinking.

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Separating the East and West is an 836-mile heavily guarded border.

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A crossing so feared that parts have become known as the Death Strip.

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In the Death Strip, there are vicious dogs, landmines, there are booby traps,

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and the police officers have been instructed to shoot anybody trying to escape on site.

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The border seemed insurmountable.

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Then one day, something catches Peter and Gunter's eyes that gives them hope.

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While flicking through the newspaper, they spot a photo of the International Hot Air Balloon Festival in Albuquerque, New Mexico,

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and are suddenly struck by an idea.

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So looking at the balloons, they think, well, if it was too dangerous to get across the border by land, maybe they could fly over the border.

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Yet to carry out this feat, they must somehow build a hot air balloon from scratch.

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Seeing the balloon was the first time they even knew a hot air balloon existed.

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Finding materials was going to be very difficult in East Germany, and if they got caught, they could be arrested or worse, killed.

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Despite the risks, the pair reads everything they can get their hands on about ballooning,

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and soon begins the secret project in their workshop.

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To propel the craft, they install four propane tanks in a makeshift basket

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and convert an old motorcycle engine into a homemade burner.

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For the canopy, they stitch together curtains, bedsheets, and any other scrap of cloth they can find.

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After months of work, Peter and Gunter complete their giant patchwork balloon.

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By the time they're done, they've used 13,000 square feet of fabric, and the balloon itself weighs 400 pounds.

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September 16, 1979.

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After several test flights in the woods, it's finally time for Peter, Gunter, and their families to make their escape.

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In a desolate field 20 miles east of the border, they prepare for takeoff.

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They load into the basket, and then they start the burner, and the balloon, much to their delight, fills with air.

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Their spirits soar as they make their ascent and head west.

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It can see freedom within their reach.

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But the most dangerous part of their journey is just ahead.

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Suddenly in the sky they see searchlights.

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They are approaching the dreaded Death Strip.

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And as the beams scan the night sky, disaster strikes.

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The burner runs out of gas, and they start to plummet to the ground.

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The balloon has just enough hot air left to cushion their crash landing.

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We made it.

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It was pitch black when they landed. They had no idea where they were.

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Then it seems the refugees' worst fears are realized.

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They see two men in uniform approaching them, and they're sure that it's the police on the east German side.

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They're petrified. They think they're gonna die.

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But as the men draw near, it becomes clear the families are mistaken.

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Peter and Gunter realize that the officers are wearing West German uniforms.

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They're safe. They've made it to freedom.

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And the fledgling balloonists have come prepared for the momentous event.

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During their research, Peter and Gunter read that balloonists bring champagne to celebrate their landings.

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So they popped the cork and toast it to their success.

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The two families soon settle into their newfound liberty in the west.

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Eventually, in November of 1989, the Berlin Wall is torn down, a powerful sign that the iron communist grip has crumbled.

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Today, this monumental fragment survives as a reminder of Germany's days as a divided nation, and the brave souls who rose up in their quest for freedom.

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Los Angeles, the motion picture capital of the world.

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On any given day, the city of angels hosts nearly a hundred TV and feature film crews.

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And at the center of this movie mad metropolis are a set of symbols that are a symbol of the world.

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The world is a symbol of the world.

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The world is a symbol of the world.

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The world is a symbol of the world.

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And at the center of this movie mad metropolis are a set of symbols that harkens back to Tinseltown's earliest days.

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They have star-shaped hand outlined in brass, and there's several thousand along the intersection of Hollywood and Vine in Los Angeles.

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This is the Hollywood Walk of Fame, a 15-block celebration of the most iconic figures in the history of entertainment.

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But according to author Kelly Brown, there is one name here that, although lesser known, may be the most important of them all.

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Carl Lemley.

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This star represents a man who created the star system as we know it today.

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What role did this man play in creating the Hollywood that we know and love?

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1909. Los Angeles.

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It's the golden age of silent movies.

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More and more people are flocking to cinemas across America.

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To keep audiences happy, studios are racing to produce new films.

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To keep up with the demand of the film going public, studios were putting out several reels a week.

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With the production of so many features, actors are seen as interchangeable and aren't listed in the credits.

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Audiences aren't even aware of their names.

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Nevertheless, one actress catches the public's eye.

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This one blonde stood out. She was a very, very talented actress.

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Each week she played a different role, and each week the public just fell in love with her more and more.

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Since the public doesn't know the enigmatic actress's real name, her fans create one of their own after the studio she works for.

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Biograph films.

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The people didn't have any other way of identifying her, so they began calling her the Biograph Girl.

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Yet the popular performer's spectacular rise will soon come to an abrupt halt.

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On the morning of February 19, 1910, the public wakes to reports that the Biograph Girl is dead.

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There were reports in the press that Florence was been killed in a streetcar accident.

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And in the wake of the tragedy, fans finally learn the identity of their fallen favorite.

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Her name is Florence Lawrence, and she's 26 years old.

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The actress's followers are devastated. For weeks they mourn her untimely death.

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But then, on March 12th, the tragic tale takes a bizarre turn.

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A full-page advertisement appears in a popular newspaper, and it features a familiar face.

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This advertising said Florence Lawrence was alive and was going to appear in a new film with the Independent Moving Picture Company.

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It seems Florence Lawrence, aka the Biograph Girl, has somehow come back from the dead.

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It's February 1910.

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Fans of silent film are devastated when they learn that their favorite actress, Florence Lawrence, has died in a car crash.

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But weeks later, an advertisement appears announcing that she's not dead after all, and will even star in a new movie.

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So what really happened to this enigmatic actress?

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This advertisement created a sensation, both in public and the trade press.

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People wanted proof that Florence was still alive.

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But sure enough, on March 25th, at a screening for her new movie, The Broken Oath, Florence Lawrence makes a personal appearance.

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It's an unprecedented moment in the history of film.

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When Florence arrived in St. Louis, she is greeted by a mob of people.

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For a film actress to make their personal appearance was unheard of. It had never been done before.

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Lawrence achieves a level of fame the industry has never seen.

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Her name and face are plastered over billboards, wherever The Broken Oath plays.

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The world's first movie star is born.

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All a theater owner had to do was put the name Florence Lawrence and people would come to see her.

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So what's the truth behind the bizarre tales of Florence Lawrence's death and unexpected reappearance?

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The answer lies with the founder of the independent movie pictures company, Carl Lemley.

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It turns out this was all part of a fantastic publicity stunt.

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With the independent movie pictures company in its infancy, Lemley needed a way to boost ticket sales.

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So he secretly wooed Florence Lawrence away from her longtime studio, Biograph Films.

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You are going to be big, big star people.

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Yet rather than simply releasing a statement about the actress's move to his company,

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Lemley decided to make an even bigger splash.

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He planted the news of the Biograph Girls death in the papers,

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betting that when they identified her as Florence Lawrence, it would make her a household name.

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We used the story of her death to connect the public with her name and she became the first movie star.

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From that moment on, other studios began promoting their performers to boost ticket sales.

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This changed film history. Everything that we know about Hollywood today, red carpets and photographers and film premieres,

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we can date back to this publicity stunt.

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Carl Lemley achieves his own success by forming Universal Pictures.

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And in 1960, Lemley is immortalized on the Hollywood Walk of Fame,

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a fitting tribute to the visionary who behind the scenes became one of Tinseltown's brightest stars.

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The rugged beauty of Bar Harbor, Maine,

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found its fame as a summer haven for the rich and famous at the turn of the 20th century.

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Today, the town's fresh lobster and scenic views still draw in 2 million visitors each year.

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But just across the bay lies a jagged headland where few tourists dare to tread.

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It's a small pebbly beach, raw rocks, greasy, lot of wind,

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and it's a place you would go to do something that you didn't want others to see.

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This is Hancock Point and as history professor, Herb Adams reveals,

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this secluded strip of land was once the gateway to a sinister plan to cripple the United States.

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These people are bent on the destruction of the country.

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They were threatening the very fabric of American national security.

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November 29, 1944.

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World War II is in its sixth brutal year

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and the Allies are closing in on Germany.

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But just off the coast of Maine, a plot is unfolding that the Nazis believe

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will turn the tide back in their favor.

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Just a few days after Thanksgiving, a large 250-foot-long U-boat quietly approaches Hancock Point.

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Soon afterward, a dinghy splashes ashore.

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And its two passengers step onto the beach.

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These two well-dressed men carrying a heavy suitcase have been sent up to infiltrate the United States

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as war effort and its society.

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The dapper pair are Nazi spies.

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The ranking officer is a highly trained 24-year-old German agent named Eric Gimpel.

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His assistant is 26-year-old William Kolpa, a decidedly unlikely spy.

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Kolpa is an American from Connecticut.

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Kolpa actually served in the United States Naval Reserve at one point.

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Kolpa is a defector.

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The spies will connect with Nazi informants with the goal of destroying America's top secret weapon.

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The Atomic Bomb.

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The Manhattan Project. The Atomic Bomb is within seven months of becoming reality at that point in time.

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If Kolpa and Gimpel are successful, it would cripple the war effort in the United States.

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The spies have been given a suitcase with $60,000 in cash to fund their mission.

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They travel to the hub of the United States Naval Reserve.

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The Atomic Bomb's research facilities. Manhattan, New York.

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There, the pair books a room in an unassuming hotel and gets to work.

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Gimpel is hardcore. He's mission-oriented.

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Kolpa is neither of those things, and there's a good deal of tension between the defector and the master spy.

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But, odd couple as they are, both of them are bent upon the destruction of the United States.

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Over the next few weeks, Gimpel and Kolpa begin seeking out information on the Manhattan Project's sites they hope to wipe out.

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They connect with known German contacts in New York City to gather what intelligence they can.

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There are assembling radio parts that would send this information back to German submarines off the coast of the United States.

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Everything is going pretty much according to plan.

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But on December 21st, their devilish plot starts to unravel.

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Gimpel comes home one day and finds Kolpa. Isn't there?

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The young American has vanished, along with all their money.

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The $60,000 is missing.

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Gimpel begins to worry immediately about what this means.

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So where has Kolpa gone? And what has he done with the cash?

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It's December 1944.

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World War II is raging, and an unlikely pair of Nazi spies have infiltrated New York City.

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They are Eric Gimpel, a German spy master, and William Kolpa, a US-born trader.

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Their goal is to infiltrate America's top secret atomic bomb program.

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But just days into their mission, Kolpa disappears, leaving Gimpel in a panic.

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Over the next week, Gimpel lays low, hoping Kolpa will return.

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But on December 31st, his worst fears are realized.

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While out buying a newspaper, he is arrested by the FBI.

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It seems his partner has confessed to the police.

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Gimpel, he's been betrayed by Kolpa, betrayed by the American defector.

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It turns out when Kolpa was left alone with the suitcase packed with cash, he just couldn't help himself.

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He ditched his co-or and ran away with a 60 grand.

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He goes to shows. He enjoys good wine. He takes out fancy women. He's having a very fine time.

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But Kolpa knew the funds would eventually run out.

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So he turned himself into police, hoping to trade information on Gimpel for his own immunity.

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But the authorities were in no mood to negotiate.

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In February of 1945, Eric Gimpel and William Kolpa are imprisoned for their acts of espionage.

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They are the last two Nazi spies to be tried before a military tribunal in the United States.

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And all of world were too.

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But if they were never caught, they could have been an absolute catastrophe.

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Today, the beach at Maine's Hancock Point, known as the Nazi spy landing site, is a stark reminder of a dastardly plot foiled only by greed.

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The city of Worcester, Massachusetts boasts a reputation as a thriving academic hub.

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It is home to ten colleges and universities that have fostered some of the nation's brightest minds.

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And on the campus of Clark University is a tribute to one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th century.

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It is six feet tall. It's made out of bronze. It shows late middle age.

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Man, he's dressed formally. He looks thoughtful, concerned, and is someone who has restructured the way we think about human nature.

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This is Sigmund Freud. The Austrian neurologist is considered the father of psychotherapy.

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But as Professor Robert Tobin can attest, some believe that in the last years of his life, Freud had gone to the dogs.

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This is the story of a brilliant genius who fell into hard times, and there was only one friend who could bring him back from the break of illness and despair.

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How did Freud's unique friendship give rise to a life-changing phenomenon that helped heal the world?

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The early 1920s, Vienna, Austria.

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Over the previous three decades, 67-year-old Dr. Sigmund Freud has established himself as the world's foremost psychoanalyst.

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Sigmund Freud was one of the greatest thinkers of the modern world, along with Marx, Darwin, and Einstein.

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He has made psychoanalysis a respected discipline that is taken seriously at universities and in medical institutions throughout the world.

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Considered to be at the peak of his career, the public is clamoring to see what he'll achieve next.

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He was very focused on his research and what he believed was actually going to change the way humanity might conduct itself in the future.

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And he had probably six patients a day, as well as giving lectures. So it's a very full schedule.

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But in February of 1923, his busy career is stopped in his tracks.

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After years of smoking 20 cigars a day, Freud discovers he is suffering from jaw cancer.

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I think he was concerned about his livelihood, about his career, and about his research.

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To eradicate the tumor, the Austrians doctors are forced to remove a large portion of his jaw.

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But while the surgeries successfully control the disease, Freud is left suffering debilitating pain.

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Freud had to give up lecturing at the university. He also, at one point, says that he's gone four weeks without an idea.

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And this is the first time that it's been so long that cancer really did wipe him out.

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Sigmund Freud faces the grim possibility that his days as a psychoanalyst are about to come to an end.

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Imagine being in the prime of your career and having all of that thrown into jeopardy.

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But the answer to his problem is about to come in the form of an unlikely and oddly furry savior.

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It's 1930 in Vienna. When the founding father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, is struck down by jaw cancer,

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his pioneering research grinds to a halt. But little does he know an unlikely source of creature comfort maybe just around the corner.

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Depressed and enfeebled, Freud searches for a way to lift his spirits.

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Then, at his daughter's suggestion, he welcomes a new addition to his family. One of the four-legged variety.

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Freud receives a chow-chow, this somewhat roundish dog with a lot of fur and a big smile on its face, named Yofi.

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Freud instantly connects with Yofi. The dog's company helps to take his mind off his pain and get him through his busy schedule.

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Yofi's presence really did cheer Freud up. I think Freud found that he had someone that was less complicated than most of his patients,

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and that was also understanding of his own difficulties.

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Soon, the two are inseparable. Yofi even sits in on Freud's therapy sessions.

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And it's here that the psychoanalyst notices a change in his patient's behavior.

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Remarkably, when the dog is present, they seem more willing to divulge details of their painful experiences.

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Yofi could absorb some of the trauma, could absorb some of the stress, could also make the whole therapy session feel a little bit more informal.

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It's really amazing that Yofi made these therapeutic sessions more effective.

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Freud marvels at this phenomenon and starts noting in his diaries the positive effect that dogs may have on the human psyche.

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And so Freud seems to have been the first to hypothesize about the ability of the dog to empathize and to understand what was going on with the human being.

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Sadly, the distinguished doctor passes away before he can fully study the psychological benefits of Canaan companions.

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But in the 1960s, a group of psychologists rediscover Freud's observations.

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They soon introduce his ideas to mainstream medicine, and the concept of therapy dogs is born.

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Today, an estimated 200,000 of our four-legged friends are helping to heal patients in the United States.

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And I think we can say Yofi was the first therapy dog.

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And this statue on the campus of Clark University stands as a memorial to the brilliant thinker who discovered that during the darkest of times, a dog may truly be a man's best friend.

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San Antonio, Texas. More tourists visit this city than any other in the Lone Star State.

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Thanks to its mild weather, family-friendly museums, and cafe-lined river walk.

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But there's one attraction in town that, despite its popularity, was never designed to draw in the crowds.

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It's about three acres of land. It has these limestone walls about three feet thick.

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And it's really a marvel of architecture and a place that has enormous historical significance.

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This is the Alamo.

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Built as a Franciscan mission, the structure is now remembered as a fort that survived a famous 1836 siege.

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But as author Andrew Carroll knows, this beloved historic site would look very different were it not for an unlikely heroine.

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You had what became known as the second battle for the Alamo.

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San Antonio, 1905.

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44-year-old schoolteacher Adina Dezevala has just been appointed as a custodian of the legendary Alamo.

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For her, the compound holds a deep significance.

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Adina was the daughter of the first vice president of the Republic of Texas.

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So she had a real passion for saving Texas history.

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As a caretaker of the hallowed site, Adina has her work cut out for her.

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This beautiful building had fallen into total disrepair. There was graffiti, it had been vandalized, and people had been chipping away at the statues.

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But for the schoolteacher, the site deserves to be lovingly preserved.

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In particular, a critical part of the building known as the Long Barracks.

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The Long Barracks were many of the defenders had died, but it was also one of the oldest parts of the whole compound.

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And so she envisioned that it would become a museum or a library that would teach people about the history of the battle and the Alamo itself.

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But there's a problem. Adina's authority as caretaker is shared with another woman.

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22-year-old ranching heiress Clara Driscoll.

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And Clara's vision for the Alamo's preservation is very different.

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To Clara, the Long Barracks were an eyesore and she wanted to see them knocked down and put up hotels and other tourist attractions.

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Adina is outraged by Clara's disregard for the history of the Alamo and vows to protect the Long Barracks at all cost.

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And over the next three years, the custodians squabble in court over how to best preserve the building, leaving the fate of the Alamo in limbo.

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But then in 1908, Adina receives some disturbing news. Clara has disregarded the courts and gone behind her back.

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Adina hears that Clara is going to rent out the Long Barracks to a group of vaudeville performers.

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Adina knows that possession is nine-tenths of the law. She fears that once Clara and her performers occupy the Barracks, her rival will be just one step away from raising them to the ground.

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Desperate to secure the fate of the priceless relic, Adina takes drastic action.

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She hires armed guards to stand outside the Long Barracks to prevent the new tenants from coming in.

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The San Antonio Sheriff quickly catches wind of her plan. Though no court has declared Clara the rightful custodian, he sides with the young heiress and orders Adina's guards off the Alamo grounds.

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But Adina isn't giving up that easily.

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And this is when the real standoff begins.

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It's February 1908, San Antonio, Texas. Alamo caretaker, Adina Dezavala, reveres the compound as sacred ground.

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So when she hears that her fellow caretaker and rival, Clara Driscoll, is scheming to destroy part of the site, she decides to make her own last stand.

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As the sheriff ushers her hired guards off the Alamo grounds, Adina springs into action.

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She slams the door, locks it, and barricades herself inside.

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The middle-aged schoolteacher has decided to try and hold the fort on her own.

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She declares that unless the building's preservation is assured, she will not leave.

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Adina was ready for a long siege if that's what it would come to.

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The sheriff could send in his men to drag her out, but with a curious crowd gathering, he opts for a different tactic to ferret out his agitator.

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He cuts off the electricity and he refuses anyone from going in or out of the building to bring her food or water, any kind of supplies.

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Adina spends a frigid night inside the dark, rat-infested barracks.

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By morning, it's clear the sheriff believes the holdout is about to end.

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But Adina stands firm.

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And soon, she won't be alone in her battle.